In construction and electrical wiring, cables are essential materials that transmit electrical current between various components. Cables and wires are made of conductive materials covered with insulating layers. However, some wires lack insulation and are commonly referred to as bare wires. Wires come in various types, each used in construction, industrial, or residential electrical applications. Most wires and cables use copper as the conductor due to its superior conductivity.
What is Cable ?
It is a type of equipment that transmits both power and data from the source to the desired location. Depending on requirements, this component may be installed either overhead or underground. Cables are designed with flexibility for various applications and can be installed in any location. Each cable may have a different structure based on its specific application. From an engineering perspective, we have two main types: low-voltage and high-voltage cables.
High-Voltage Cable
Another type is high-voltage cable, used for transmitting electrical power at high voltages. These cables are exclusively designed for specialized applications like power transmission from plants and substations, and are never used for residential or ordinary purposes.
High-Voltage Cable Characteristics
Key features of this cable type include:
- These cables have a special nature and operate with switchgear panels (special distribution boards). They can be controlled from a control room, remotely, or manually.
Even the smallest gap in the cable or between the layers of conductor and insulation can be dangerous.
Depending on the voltage level, high-voltage cables may include additional layers for insulation and electric field control around the conductor.
These cables are used for voltages above 36 kilovolts.
Medium Voltage Cable
Medium-voltage cables, which are usually used in equipment of mobile electrical substations installed in mines, power distribution in industrial environments, and power supply of transportation systems. Low-voltage cable standards range between 1000 volts to 36 kilovolts.
Low-Voltage Cables
The biggest difference between low-voltage and medium-voltage cables lies in their construction. These cables are also limited to carrying voltage up to 1000 volts. Such cables are used for industrial electrical installations like general industries and infrastructure. This cable, like other types, consists of an aluminum or copper conductor, a conductive shield, and an insulation shield.
Network Cable
A set of copper and glass wires used for transmitting and connecting data between routers, switches, and computers. Cables are conductors that transfer data from one device to another in a network.
The history of network cables
In 1844, Samuel Morse introduced the idea of digital communication. It may resemble what we have today, but there are differences. Over the past forty years, communication speeds have increased significantly, and the need for faster computer connectivity has grown. Various standards have been introduced in this field, but what is certain is that higher speeds require better and faster network equipment, cables, and improved communication hardware.
Shielded and Unshielded Cables
One feature that differentiates cables is whether they are shielded. Eight wire strands are twisted pair-wise, a characteristic found in all network cables. Some generations of LAN cables are produced in both shielded and unshielded versions. In shielded network cables, an additional internal layer exists that reduces signal interference in LAN cables.
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